The search robot receives information about some site URLs in different ways, goes through them and reports the result of the scan to you in Yandex Webmaster, for example.
Ways to get the url by the robot
1. Links on your site (to other pages of the site). The robot, knowing about a page on your site, can click on links to other pages and index them.
2. Links to your site from other sites. It works similarly.
3. Yandex. Metrica signals. Read more, for example, here: https://yandex.ru/blog/metrika/otkryvaem-integratsiyu-s-vebmasterom. The point is that the robot receives information about the site url from Yandex. Metrica and goes to see what kind of page it is. But the Yandex. Metrica code is installed on all pages of the site, including drafts, for example. The draft is not public, it has a strange url, but you can go to it and the search robot will receive information about the "new url", which will just be the code 404 or 301 (after all, the draft is visible only to authorized users, and the search engine is not authorized).
I think it was the third point that worked for the link highlighted in the screenshot: http://joxi.ru/Q2KjzgesLpLaZm.
Are Yandex. Metrica signals harmful to the search robot? Maybe turn them off? — It all depends on the mass nature of the problem, how often and thickly strange urls appear, which the search robot goes to.
Now about the first url in the screenshot: http://joxi.net/v2973ROIZDZkXr (and, I think, similarly for this screen: http://joxi.ru/eAO5zEeU9e9bvm). I don't know what it is =) But somewhere (from the three points described above) Yandex picked up these addresses. Is there a problem with the appearance of this url? "Probably not. Again, it all depends on the mass character.
The problem will be if such urls are massively added to the index as canonical (I'll explain about canonical urls below).
The site has a great Yoast SEO plugin (it works, right?), which outputs a canonical link, which solves a lot of problems.
That's what it is. If we add so-called get parameters to the url (they can be completely different — http://joxi.net/E2pME3eF707JqA) the page will open with the code 200. And this is quite normal. If not for the canonical reference (http://joxi.ru/DrlEgKzFV6Vkpm), output by Yoast SEO, the robot would consider that the page http://test.1morkovin.ru/?blablabla=fignya you need to index it and it would be a duplicate of the content. And so, thanks to the canonical link, the robot understands that this is some kind of technical page, and the main one is located at the canonical url. Only the canonical url will be included in the index.